Linux运维知识之linux 无外网情况下安装 mysql-职坐标

Linux运维知识之linux 无外网情况下安装 mysql

小标 2018-09-07 来源：阅读 814 评论 0

摘要：本文主要向大家介绍了Linux运维知识之linux 无外网情况下安装 mysql，通过具体的内容向大家展现，希望对大家学习Linux运维知识有所帮助。

本文主要向大家介绍了Linux运维知识之linux 无外网情况下安装 mysql，通过具体的内容向大家展现，希望对大家学习Linux运维知识有所帮助。

由于工作需要，需要在一台装有 CentOS 系统的测试服务器上安装 MySQL ，由于该服务器上存有其他比较重要的测试数据，所以不能连接外网。由于之前安装 MySQL 一直都是使用 yum 命令一键搞定的，所以手动安装的话还是有些麻烦的。所以在这里我将我在安装过程中遇到的一些问题记录下来。
1.需求就不用讲了，客户现场，政府环境，银行环境，大多是没网的，所以无网安装是很有必要的
mysql下载路径：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
查看自己Linux系统版本
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
往下拉继续选择
选择对应的下载，mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
这样几分钟就下载了。
2.准备依赖包：
a.numactl 软件包：
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
b.其他相关支持：
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
下载方式：https://pkgs.org
下面是下载路径：
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
3.上传文件到服务器上
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc‘s password:
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm              100%  65KB  2.1MB/s  00:00
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc‘s password:
numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm        100%  29KB  1.7MB/s  00:00
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc‘s password:
numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm        100%  23KB  1.5MB/s  00:00
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc‘s password:
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm      100%  47KB  1.2MB/s  00:00
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc‘s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
root@linuxidc‘s password:
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm              100%  24KB 618.3KB/s  00:00
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar root@linuxidc:/root/
root@linuxidc‘s password:
mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar                    100%  566MB  4.5MB/s  02:05
查看上传的包
[root@linuxidc ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg                          numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm          numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
miniconda2                                perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar  pythonshell
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
4.安装
第一步，先安装依赖，安装 perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 和 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 is already installed
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7    ################################# [100%]
第二步，继续安装 numactl相关
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh numactl*
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    package numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64 is already installed
如果不安装这个包会报错，错误如下（本人未测试）：
error: Failed dependencies:

libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64

libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64

libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
若此时直接安装mysql，还会异常：
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies:
mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64
  第一行还能看明白，是依赖问题，第二行的“mariadb-libs 被废弃”是什么鬼?废弃了为什么不提供一个新的还要出现这种弱智提示呢?经过一番搜寻，才发现是因为在CentOS 7上已经有一个mariadb 而这个会与 MySQL的mariadb发生冲突。所以此时我们需要将系统自带的mariadb卸载掉，然后使用mysql自带的mariadb。
接下来查看mariadb版本
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
卸载系统安装的mariadb
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
[root@linuxidc ~]#
  解决好这个问题后，就可以安装mysql了,先解压mysql，并查看安装包
[root@linuxidc ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@linuxidc ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
miniconda2
mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
pythonshell
直接安装,报错：
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-*
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
    perl(JSON) is needed by mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
貌似不能直接全安装，有顺序，继续：
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-*
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7################################# [ 50%]
   2:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]#
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
说缺少net-tools ，下载下来装呗，继续：
net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-c
mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]
中间安装server时，又说必须安装client，至此，mysql安装成功，打完收工。
5.启动查看配置
[root@linuxidc ~]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service
[root@linuxidc ~]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-11-04 13:56:37 CST; 24s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           //dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 4644 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 4571 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 4647 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─4647 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Nov 04 13:56:07 linuxidc systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Nov 04 13:56:37 linuxidc systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
至此，无网安装难的历史已经结束，至少的我实验没问题了，好像还缺点是什么，数据库密码是啥？
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2017-11-04T05:56:08.454323Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ps1DY?%T.Vc4
这样就可以登录数据库了，try一下：
[root@linuxidc ~]# mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)
报错了，连输入密码的机会也没有。
[root@linuxidc ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.20

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
登陆成功试试，数据库好使不
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
不改密码，用不了，继续：
mysql> ALTER USER ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘你的密码‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
然后再使用SQL就没问题了
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database          |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
用数据库工具链接，出现问题：

不允许远程访问，改继续：
mysql>  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘你的密码‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
再试就没有问题了，至此数据库安装问题基本没有。
查看mysql配置文件地址：
[root@linuxidc ~]# find / -iname ‘*.cnf‘ -print
/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
/etc/my.cnf
/root/miniconda2/pkgs/openssl-1.0.2l-0/ssl/openssl.cnf
/root/miniconda2/ssl/openssl.cnf
/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf
查看字符集：
mysql> show variables like ‘char%‘;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client    | utf8                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                      |
| character_set_database  | latin1                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                      |
| character_set_server    | latin1                    |
| character_set_system    | utf8                      |
| character_sets_dir      | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
至此数据库安装完毕。