本文主要介绍了Linux 包管理工具Yum的操作流程，通过具体的解释说明，让我们从中学到Linux 包管理工具Yum的操作流程，让我们对Linux内部原理越来越熟悉，希望大家能够在以后的学习中更加快速的弄明白其中的关键。便于更好的操作。

yum简单流程图：

yum配置文件查看

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q yum

yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qc yum

/etc/logrotate.d/yum

/etc/yum.conf

/etc/yum/version-groups.conf

配置文件分2端

[root@localhost Packages]# man yum.conf

#主配置

[main]

cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever

keepcache=0    #

debuglevel=2

logfile=/var/log/yum.log

exactarch=1    #centos6  centos7 之类是否精确匹配

obsoletes=1

gpgcheck=1    #来源合法性

plugins=1    #支持插件机制

installonly_limit=5

bugtracker_url=//bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=//bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum

distroverpkg=centos-release   

#仓库配置

[repositoryID]

name=Some name for this repository  #介绍

baseurl=url://path/to/repository/      #必须跟repodata同一个目录

enabled={1|0}

gpgcheck={1|0}

gpgkey=URL  #公钥

enablegroups={1|0} #用组的方式管理程序包

failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}

    默认为：roundrobin，意为随机挑选； baseurl

cost=默认为1000  权重越高优先使用

配置以centos光盘为仓库的yum

准备yum源 cd盘?

[root@localhost rpm]# cd /mnt/dvd/

[root@localhost dvd]# ls

CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7

EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL

配置仓库

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

[base]

name=Base repo from cd

baseurl=file:///mnt/dvd/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///mnt/dvd/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

1、显示仓库列表：

 #repolist [all|enabled|disabled]

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

repo id                               repo name                                        status

!base                                 Base repo from cd                                9,591

repolist: 9,591

2、安装

 [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh-html   [#-y]    默认安装最新版本，安装老版本需要手动指定

3、升级、检查升级 （也可以是本地程序包）

#升级

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum update  zsh-html

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

No packages marked for update

-----------------------------------------------------------

#检查升级

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum check-update zsh-html

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

4、卸载 只会卸载当前包和依赖当前包的包
不会删除安装时候依赖ImageMagick的包 ?因为这些包依赖ImageMagick，而不是被依赖

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install ImageMagick

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================

 Package                        Arch          Version                      Repository   Size

=============================================================================================

Installing:

 ImageMagick                    x86_64        6.7.8.9-15.el7_2             base        2.1 M

Installing for dependencies:

 OpenEXR-libs                   x86_64        1.7.1-7.el7                  base        217 k

 avahi-libs                     x86_64        0.6.31-17.el7                base         61 k

 cairo                          x86_64        1.14.8-2.el7                 base        713 k

 cups-libs                      x86_64        1:1.6.3-29.el7               base        356 k

 fontconfig                     x86_64        2.10.95-11.el7               base        229 k

 fontpackages-filesystem        noarch        1.44-8.el7                   base        9.9 k

 gdk-pixbuf2                    x86_64        2.36.5-1.el7                 base        567 k

 ghostscript                    x86_64        9.07-28.el7                  base        4.3 M

 ghostscript-fonts              noarch        5.50-32.el7                  base        324 k

 graphite2                      x86_64        1.3.6-1.el7_2                base        112 k

 harfbuzz                       x86_64        1.3.2-1.el7                  base        177 k

 ilmbase                        x86_64        1.0.3-7.el7                  base        100 k

 jasper-libs                    x86_64        1.900.1-31.el7               base        150 k

.....

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum remove ImageMagick

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package ImageMagick.x86_64 0:6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================

 Package                Arch              Version                     Repository        Size

=============================================================================================

Removing:

 ImageMagick            x86_64            6.7.8.9-15.el7_2            @base            7.6 M

Transaction Summary

=============================================================================================

Remove  1 Package

卸载ImageMagick的依赖包OpenEXR-libs，会把ImageMagick也卸载

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum remove  OpenEXR-libs

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package OpenEXR-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.1-7.el7 will be erased

--> Processing Dependency: libIlmImf.so.7()(64bit) for package: ImageMagick-6.7.8.9-15.el7_2.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package ImageMagick.x86_64 0:6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================

 Package                Arch             Version                       Repository       Size

=============================================================================================

Removing:

 OpenEXR-libs           x86_64           1.7.1-7.el7                   @base           844 k

Removing for dependencies:

 ImageMagick            x86_64           6.7.8.9-15.el7_2              @base           7.6 M

个人觉得这个卸载方式不是很好，会残留很多无用的包

?
5、显示程序包：

# yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]

# yum list {available|installed|updates} [glob_exp1] [...]

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list

Installed Packages

GeoIP.x86_64                                1.5.0-11.el7                           @anaconda #@表示安装过的。anaconda表示操作系统

....

zziplib-devel.i686                              0.13.62-5.el7                       base   #还未安装的

zziplib-devel.x86_64                            0.13.62-5.el7                       base

zsh-html.x86_64                             5.0.2-28.el7                          @base      #base源安装的

6、具体包信息查看

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum info ImageMagick

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Installed Packages

Name        : ImageMagick

Arch        : x86_64

Version     : 6.7.8.9

Release     : 15.el7_2

Size        : 7.6 M

Repo        : installed

From repo   : base

Summary     : An X application for displaying and manipulating images

....

7、查看指定的特性(可以是某文件)是由哪个程序包所提供：相当于rpm -qf

# provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum provides /etc/passwd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

setup-2.8.71-7.el7.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files

Repo        : base

Matched from:

Filename    : /etc/passwd

setup-2.8.71-7.el7.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files

Repo        : @anaconda

Matched from:

Filename    : /etc/passwd

8、查看 以指定的关键字搜索程序包名及summary信息；

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum search zsh

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

===================================== N/S matched: zsh ======================================

zsh-html.x86_64 : Zsh shell manual in html format

zsh.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

9、依赖包查看

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum deplist bash

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

package: bash.x86_64 4.2.46-28.el7

  dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.15)(64bit)

   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-196.el7

  dependency: libdl.so.2()(64bit)

......

10、查看yum事务历史：

#history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum history

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

ID     | Login user               | Date and time    | Action(s)      | Altered

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    17 | root <root>              | 2018-04-25 21:53 | Install        |    1

    16 | root <root>              | 2018-04-25 21:49 | Erase          |    1

    15 | root <root>              | 2018-04-25 21:49 | Install        |   48

11、包组查看

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum grouplist

Installed Groups:

   .....

Available Groups:

   Compatibility Libraries

   Console Internet Tools

   Graphical Administration Tools

   Development Tools

    .....

12、安装包组

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"

# 升级 groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]

13、移除包组

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groupremove  "Development Tools"

14、包组信息查看

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groupinfo  "Development Tools"

建立自己的yum源

1、添加几个rpm包，为yum源

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir -p /yum/repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp /mnt/dvd/Packages/z* /yum/repo/

2、centos7需要安装createrepo

[root@localhost repo]# yum install createrepo

3、初始化仓库

[root@localhost repo]# pwd

/yum/repo

[root@localhost repo]# createrepo ../   #在上级目录下创建repodata

Spawning worker 0 with 5 pkgs

Spawning worker 1 with 5 pkgs

Spawning worker 2 with 5 pkgs

Workers Finished

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

Generating sqlite DBs

Sqlite DBs complete

[root@localhost repo]# cd ..

[root@localhost yum]# ls repodata

447ec135b1c7f6b6270eefc3c48487b7111af058b6a8e69d2752dff8fe692f10-filelists.sqlite.bz2

5bf5f6ef05024c6fa8323255156d043213eac62f765d4106d71e57e133e16990-other.xml.gz

6c2ee7607b3b821acc6907604067e85d101fb4eecc6e10baa45086f26e0343f8-primary.sqlite.bz2

c881c0f911ca54a1ade1d96280a04b8224a5d782522d555f7c6d1b528c2ddd7f-other.sqlite.bz2

e018c8c524d20f6f30d26b42c909757eb2966a55c2f1a90d543602848db03384-filelists.xml.gz

ed266c67e84620208b4124883f03e6a8eaf0ba1d98a0dddd85c5a57beb8efbc4-primary.xml.gz

repomd.xml

4、编辑配置文件

[myrepo]

name=test repo

baseurl=file:///yum

gpgcheck=0

5、使用自己的yum源

[root@localhost repodata]# yum remove zsh

[root@localhost repodata]# yum install zsh

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

myrepo                                                  | 2.9 kB     00:00

myrepo/primary_db                                         | 9.2 kB   00:00

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================

 Package       Arch             Version                 Repository        Size

===============================================================================

Installing:

 zsh           x86_64           5.0.2-28.el7            myrepo           2.4 M

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================

Install  1 Package

Total download size: 2.4 M

Installed size: 5.6 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: