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诺言
2018-05-15
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摘要：本文主要介绍了Linux 文本处理工具sed是一个强大的工具，通过实际的案例，让我们从中学处理文本的精髓所在，让我们在掌握这个工具对于我们处理文本，提高效率这条路上走得更远，更加熟练的完成这些代码。
本文主要介绍了Linux 文本处理工具sed是一个强大的工具，通过实际的案例，让我们从中学处理文本的精髓所在，让我们在掌握这个工具对于我们处理文本，提高效率这条路上走得更远，更加熟练的完成这些代码。
sed强大的文本处理工具，其工作流程大概如下
常用选项说明
-e<script>或--expression=<script> 以选项中指定的script来处理输入的文本文件。
-f<script文件>或--file=<script文件> 以选项中指定的script文件来处理输入的文本文件。
-h或--help 显示帮助。
-n或--quiet或--silent 仅显示script处理后的结果。
-V或--version 显示版本信息。
操作命令：
a ：新增， a 的后面可以接字串，而这些字串会在新的一行出现(目前的下一行)～
c ：取代， c 的后面可以接字串，这些字串可以取代 n1,n2 之间的行！
d ：删除，因为是删除啊，所以 d 后面通常不接任何咚咚；
i ：插入， i 的后面可以接字串，而这些字串会在新的一行出现(目前的上一行)；
p ：打印，亦即将某个选择的数据印出。通常 p 会与参数 sed -n 一起运行～
s ：取代，可以直接进行取代的工作哩！通常这个 s 的动作可以搭配正规表示法。
1、实验环境
[root@localhost test]# pwd
/root/test
[root@localhost test]# ls
fstab yum.conf
[root@localhost test]# cat -n fstab
1
2 #
3 # /etc/fstab
4 # Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
5 #
6 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
7 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
8 #
9 UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
10 UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
11 UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
花样删除：
#删除1到9行
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘1,9d‘ fstab
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#删除第3行
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘3d‘ fstab
#
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#删除从第3行开始 连续5行的数据
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘3,+5d‘ fstab
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#删除奇数行
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘1~2d‘ fstab
#
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
#
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#删除^UUID=7开始的行 到UUID=9第一次出现的行 如果UUID=9没有出现，则一直往下删
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘/^UUID=7/,/^UUID=9/d‘ fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#删除第5行开始的行 到UUID=9第一次出现的行 如果UUID=9没有出现，则一直往下删
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘5,/^UUID=999/d‘ fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#执行两次操作
[root@localhost test]# sed -e ‘1,3d‘ -e ‘4,6d‘ fstab
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#执行多次操作
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘1d;2d;3d‘ fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
#删除第5行开始的行 到UUID=9第一次出现的行 打印一次，其余正常输出
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘5,/^UUID=999/p‘ fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#删除第5行开始的行 到UUID=9第一次出现的行 看图理解 打印的行先执行，然后所有的数据用静默模式处理
[root@localhost test]# sed -n ‘5,/^UUID=999/p‘ fstab
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
第一行后面插入
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘1a \newline‘ fstab
newline
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
第三行插入
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘3i \newline‘ fstab
newline
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
第三行替换
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘3c \newline‘ fstab
#
newline
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
把第四行写入到w.txt文件中
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘4w /root/test/w.txt‘ fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
[root@localhost test]# cat w.txt
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
读取文件内容到第六行下面输出
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘6r /root/test/w.txt‘ fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
为模式匹配到的行打印行号
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘6=‘ fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
6
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
正则使用
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘1,10s/UUID/uuid/‘ fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
uuid=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
uuid=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
高级用法：
逆序排序
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘1!G;h;$!d‘ fstab
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
#
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
#
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
# /etc/fstab
#
实现过程py分析
mode_space = ‘‘
keep_space = ‘‘
with open(‘test2.txt‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
i=0
for line in f:
if i == 0:
mode_space = line
keep_space = mode_space
else:
mode_space = line+keep_space
keep_space = mode_space
i += 1
else:
#最后一行读完删除
print(keep_space)
del keep_space
取出最后一行
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘$!d‘ fstab
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
取出文件后两行
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘$!N;$!D‘ fstab
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
显示偶数行
[root@localhost test]# sed -n ‘n;p‘ fstab
#
# Created by anaconda on Sun Apr 22 06:26:44 2018
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
#
UUID=3d81b92c-abeb-41f5-8de0-b46d3ffbcf4c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
显示奇数行
[root@localhost test]# sed ‘n;d‘ fstab
# /etc/fstab
#
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
UUID=7ceb028a-a8b8-467c-b6d4-36910c06c5ac / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=943c7e04-b733-42fe-a1e2-eabf93693f6b swap swap defaults 0 0
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